Description:
Nature-based solutions (NBSs) are increasingly recognized as effective approaches for addressing environmental and societal challenges by working with natural systems. This Topic brings together recent research on the design, assessment, and implementation of NBSs across different spatial contexts, including urban, peri-urban, rural, and forest landscapes. It covers methodological advances, spatial planning approaches, and case studies that support the integration of NBSs into policy and practice. Emphasis is placed on ecosystem services, biodiversity, resilience, and the role of NBSs in sustainable land-use transitions.