Description: When the memory retrieval process breaks down, people wonder exactly why and how such a thing occurs. In many cases, failed retrieval is accompanied by a "tip-of-the-tongue state," a feeling that an unretrieved item is stored in memory. Tip-of-the-tongue states stand at the crossroads of several research traditions within cognitive science. Some research focuses on the nature of the retrieval failure. Other research tries to determine what tip-of-the-tongue states can tell us about the organization of lexical memory - that is, what aspects of a word we can recall when we are otherwise unable to do so. Still other research focuses on the nature of the experience of a tip-of-the-tongue state. Each of these perspectives is represented in this book, which presents the best theoretical and empirical work on these subjects. Much of the work is cross-disciplinary, but what unifies the topics in this book is that they concern strong phenomenological states of knowing that are not accompanied by recall or recognition of the desired information.
Brief description: Bennett Schwartz is Professor of Psychology and Fellow of the Honors College at Florida International University. He received his PhD in cognitive psychology from Dartmouth College in 1993. He is the author of more than fifty publications, including journal articles, book chapters, edited books, and textbooks. He has published papers on animal memory, the language of thought, and adaptation and memory, but has worked most consistently on the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon and issues of metacognition. He is on the editorial board of several journals, including the Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition and Animal Cognition.