Description: Taking an inter-disciplinary approach, Spruyt explains the political organization of three non-European international societies from early modernity to the late nineteenth century. The Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires; the Sinocentric tributary system; and the Southeast Asian galactic empires, all which differed in key respects from the modern Westphalian state system. In each of these societies, collective beliefs were critical in structuring domestic orders and relations with other polities. These multi-ethnic empires allowed for greater accommodation and heterogeneity in comparison to the homogeneity that is demanded by the modern nation-state. Furthermore, Spruyt examines the encounter between these non-European systems and the West. Contrary to unidirectional descriptions of the encounter, these non-Westphalian polities creatively adapted to Western principles of organization and international conduct. By illuminating the encounter of the West and these Eurasian polities, this book serves to question the popular wisdom of modernity, wherein the Western nation-state is perceived as the desired norm, to be replicated in other polities.
Brief description: Hendrik Spruyt is Norman Dwight Harris Professor of International Relations at Northwestern University, Illinois. Among his publications are: The Sovereign State and Its Competitors (1994), winner of the J. David Greenstone Award; Ending Empire: Contested Sovereignty and Territorial Partition (2005); and, with Alexander Cooley, Contracting States: Sovereign Transfers in International Relations (2009).
Review Quotes: 'Taking the necessary interdisciplinary tract to explore the Safavid, Mughal, and Ottoman empires in relation to their Southeast Asian counterparts and the Sinocentric tributary system dominating parts of Asia, this book offers an invaluable contrastive register of global history ... Offering readers a rich, distinctive approach to accounting for how non-European systems functioned in relation to engagements with the West ...' I. Blumi, Choice