Description: This study is about the practice of grade retention in elementary schools; a particularly vexing problem in urban school systems. The book describes the school context of retention and evaluates its consequences by tracking the experiences of a large, representative sample of Baltimore school children from first grade through high school. It addresses the complex question of whether repeating a grade is helpful or harmful when children are not keeping up with their coursework.
Review Quotes: "Should not only provoke new research but open the minds of policy analysts and educators to the value of clear, rigorous standards. It should also help shatter the assumptions that city kids can't be expected to learn and that little can be expected of them." Herbert J. Walberg, University of Illinois, Chicago and the Hoover Institution, Stanford University