Description: In this book, Farid Hafez reveals how Europe's colonial past still shapes its present-day relationship with Muslim communities and Islam. By examining how the Austro-Hungarian and German empires governed the Muslim populations under colonization, Governing Islam in Austria and Germany speaks to Nazi-era and modern Muslim state administration and religious education in Austria and Germany. Using decolonial theory, the book makes the compelling and timely argument that these strategies were less about religion and more about racialized control.