Description: In Urbanization from Within, Gregory F. Randolph challenges the conventional story of urbanization as a permanent exodus from rural areas to cities, providing a novel understanding of how humans are becoming an increasingly urban species. Drawing on research in the Indian state of Bihar, Randolph argues that agrarian villages are transforming into urban towns through internal population growth, circular out-migration, and the emergence of a bootstrapped non-farm economy. He details these mechanisms while linking them to a set of global forces shaping twenty-first century urban transitions in and beyond India, with important insight for scholars, practitioners and policymakers.